For each common pathological product, 2 smears (except make the point liquids from which 4 smears are made), one coloured Gram (for the detection of bacteria), and the second Giemsa (for cellularity).
The smear in the pathological product bears the name of a coloured microscopic examination and has a special role in medical bacteriology. It helps in:
-Orientation to a rapid diagnosis in the event of a medical emergency (e.g. bacterial meningitis);
-the orientation of the microbiologist in the rejection of inappropriate pathological products (e.g. saliva, instead of sputum);
-correlation between this and culture, allowing the transition from the diagnosis of presumptive to the diagnosis of certainty.
Almost all bacteria with important clinical can be detected at the coloured microscopic exam, except by doing: those bacteria that live almost exclusively intracellular e.g. Chlamydia, those found in the cell wall (e.g. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma) and those that have insufficient dimensions to be viewed under a microscope (e.g. spirochetes).

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