Source

Man is the only source.

Method of transmission

The main route of transmission is parenteral and is involved:

• Blood transfusions or blood products from untested donors,
• Parenteral exposure to blood by means of suitable unsterilized instruments and those used in medical or dental procedures
• Use of unsterilized objects for different rituals (circumcision, scarifying) or in traditional medicine (“taking/Leaving Blood”),

• Other activities that harm tegument with nonsterile instruments (tattoo, piercing),
• Use of injectable drugs,
• Use of incorrectly sterilized surgical instruments,
• Organ transplantation from untested donor persons for HCV infection.

Sexual or vertical transmission (from mother to fetus) were both documented but there is a low percentage of reports.

Risk groups

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States of America (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC) recommends testing of patients falling within the following groups:

• Individuals born between the years 1945-1965,
• Individuals who received blood transfusions or organ transplantation before 1992,
• Injecting drug users,
• Hemodialysis
• Newborns from mothers with viral hepatitis C,
• Patients with liver disease or altered liver tests,
• Patients infected with HIV.

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