Infection with B19 Parvovirus during pregnancy produces fetal hydrops and death in the uterus. In our country this infection is poorly documented.
Hydrops fetalis occurs due to severe fetal anemia, leads to spontaneous abortion (10% in the first trimester) or less frequently at premature childbirth. In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy the risk is minimal. Preconception tests can be done to detect infection, but these tests are not routine. Being a less common condition, the studies carried out are not not large groups of patients.
A retrospective study published in 2008 in Pennsylvania, United States, showed that at 25 pregnant women with B19 Parvovirus infection, 3 foetuses developed foetal Hydrops, and 4 died intrauterine, totaling a risk of maternofetal damage of 28%.
(Beigi RH, Wiesenfeld HC, your landers, Simhan HN. High rates of severe fetal outcomes associated with maternal parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy. Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology. 2008 APR 22; 2008).
In Japan, the analysis of 100 pregnant women with Parvovirus B19 showed that in 7% of them appeared an unfavourable evolution of pregnancy with hidrops fetalis and fetal death.
(Chisaka H, Ito K, Niikura H, et al. Clinical manifestations and outcomess of parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy in Japan. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2006; 209 (4): 277-83).
The prevalence of contact with Parvovirus B19 was evaluated in pregnant women and newborns in several countries by determining IgG antibodies, and showed that it could reach more than 50%.
(Ziyaeyan m, Rasouli m, Alborzi A. The seroprevalence of Parvovirus B19 infection among to-be-married girls, pregnant women, and their neonates in Shiraz, Iran. JPN J Infect Dis. 2005 Mar; 58 (2): 95-7).
(Maksheed Ma, capt as, Essa SS, Ahmed MA, Monem RA, Surkouh M. The prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus B19 in pregnant women in Kuwait. Acta Tropica. 1999 OCT 15; 73 (3): 225-9).
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