It is a less diagnosed infection, being associated with the consumption of:

• Milk or unpasteurized dairy products, including cheese
• Frozen meat
• Unwashed fruit and vegetables
• Fish and Seafood

Infection may occur in the outbreak, may be asymptomatic but also with potentially fatal symptoms. Listeriosis is 18 times more common in pregnant women compared to the general population and represents 27% of the total cases of listeriosis. Prevalence of congenital listeriosis varies between 8.6-17.4 to 100,000 births. The largest epidemic of listeriosis took place in the year 1985 in Los Angeles, USA, and from 142 of reported listeriosis cases, 65.5% were pregnant women.

Data from two studies report spontaneous abortions in 10-20% of cases and premature birth in 50% of cases, and the fetus death in the uterus in about 11% of cases. It is recommended that women with spontaneous abortions be investigated for vaginal listeriosis. Although the pregnant manifestations caused by listeriosis are mild, congenital listeriosis is severe, potentially fatal. Congenital listeriosis has an incidence of 8.6/100,000 births, being one of the most common causes of neonatal meningitis. The mortality rate is high: 20-60%.

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