The female genital apparatus is located at the level of the small basin, in relation to the bladder, ureter, urethra, rectum, vagina.

Ovary

It represents the female sexual gland and performs two functions:

• Ovogenesis
• Endocrinol.

Ovogenesis is the formation of oocytes (female sexual cells) found in ovarian follicles. Women are born with approximately 2 million oocytes, with puberty remaining at only 400,000. This, because of the initial ovarian and ovarian follicular counts, only 480 will become Graaf follicles (the mature follicle capable of eliminating the ovocyte on day 14 of the menstrual cycle); the rest, that is, 99.9%, will suffer a process called “atresia”, which means that they are involved and never ovulate.

Beginning with puberty, more follicles are being recruited monthly, but only 5-25 will be mature and only one will be selected for ovulation. Ovulation is the process of removing follicular ovocyte on the 14th day of a normal 28-day menstrual cycle.

Ovarian endocrine function is the secretion of ovarian hormones, the main being estrogen and progesterone with important roles throughout the body.

Uterine tubes (tubes)

Uterine tubes are two tubes that stretch from the uterine horns to the upper pole of the ovaries. Their role is to capture expelled ovipids during ovulation and to facilitate sperm transit for fertilization, a process usually taking place in the distal third (the abdomen end) of the uterine tube.

They are made up of:

• infudib, which features some fimbria (tassels) intended for oocyte capture
• ampoule, at the level of which occurs the fertilization process
• isthmus
• the uterine portion, which opens to the uterine cavity.

Uterus

The uterus is a cavitary, muscular, contractile organ that serves as the receiver and nourishment of the egg throughout the pregnancy, and then, through its labor contractions, expels the conception product to the term. Its shape is overturned, or more precisely, by the conical trunk with its lower and top oriented tip. In its middle part it presents a semicircular narrowing called the uterus of the uterus that divides the uterus into two different portions: the uterine body and the cervix.

At the level of the body, the insertion of the uterine tubules through the uterine horn. The uterine horn is an orifice through which the fallopian tubes fall into the uterus.

The uterine cervix is ​​shaped like a barrel and has a vaginal opening that varies depending on the woman; in those who have not had a pregnancy anymore, are punctiform, and in women who have been pregnant and have vaginal birth they have a 1 cm diameter transverse slot. The vagina also sits at the cervix at an angle of about 90-100 degrees.

The uterus is fixed in its position in the center of the pelvis through several structures: peritoneum, ligaments, fascia, aponeurosis.

Vagina

It is an elastic musculo-membranous conduit with a role in copulation. Allows the baby to pass through during birth. It has a slanting direction down and forward forming an angle of 60-70 degrees horizontally. It is an important route of surgical intervention, but also a way of gynecological exploration of the state of the entire genital apparatus.

Its shape is cylindrical (vagina = sheath) and the dimensions are variable depending on age, individual peculiarities, sexual relations, but also parity. The average length of the vagina is 8-9 cm and the caliber differs. In the dorsal decubitus (in the horizontal position of the body), the vagina makes an angle of 30 degrees horizontally.

As a support means in the plane of the bladder, urethra (previous) and rectum (posterior) it presents some adhesions with the bladder and the rectum to which is added the upper insertion on the cervix.

Vulva

Vulva is the total of female external genitalia:

Mount of the pubic;
Labial formations (large and small labia);
Vaginal vestibule;
Erectile organs (clitoris, vestibular bulbs)